SPACE EXPLORATION (2)

         Mankind always dreamed of overcoming gravitation and reaching other planets. But it was only in the 1960ies that this dream was to become reality.

         On the 12th of April 1961 the spaceship «Vostok» was launched into space with a man on board and after orbiting our planet successfully returned to the Earth. The first man to overcome gravitation and orbit the Earth was Yuri Gagaгіn. This day wenfedownin history of mankind as an outstan­ding achievements opening the space era. In the course of space exploration there have been lots of achievements of world sci­ence and technology. This period saw the launching of many earth satellites, numerous space laboratories. Among the achievements we may enumerate the landing of automatic sta­tions on the Moon, the flights of space laboratories towards Venus and Mars.

        These are the years of manned space flight programmes: Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman-cosmonaut to make a space flight, A. A. Leonov achieved the first «space walk» in 1965, the first Soviet experimental station with four cosmo­nauts on board went into orbit, the first American expedition landed on the Moon.

        The Soviet «Lunokhod», automatic orbital stations «Soyuz» and other space laboratories opened up a new period of space exploration. From the first experiments scientists went over to systematic exploration of space.

        Recently there have been calls to reduce expenditure оnspace research programmes. I think it would be a serious mis­take to allow this to happen. There is a direct link between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies. The higher the former are the more developed the latter are.

QUESTIONS:

1.  What did mankind always dream about?

2.  When did this dream become reality?

3.  When was the spaceship «Vostok» launched?

4.  Was Yuri Gagarin the first man to overcome gravita­tion and orbit the Earth?

5.  As what day did the12th of April go down in history?

6.  What has there been in the course of space exploration?

7.  What did this period see?

8.  Enumerate the stages of manned space flight pro­grammes.

9.  What opened up a new period of space exploration?

10. What calls have there been recently?

11. Would it be a serious mistake to allow to reduce expen­diture on space exploration?

12. What kind of link is there between the development of space research programmes and different earth technologies?

VOCABULARY:

on board — на борту

mankind — человечество

еrа — эра

in the course of — входе

world science and technology — мировая наука и техника

numerous — многочисленный

to enumerate — перечислять

flight — полет

was the first... to make — был первый, кто совершил

cosmonaut — космонавт

to land — приземляться

it would be a serious mistake to allow this to happen — было бы серьезной ошибкой допустить это

earth technologies — земные технологии

the former — Первый (из двух)

the latter — последний (из двух)

the higher... the more developed — чем выше... тем более развиты